非谓语动词——过去分词作状语
一、知识点讲解
过去分词（Past Participle，简称"PP"）作状语是高中英语语法的重要考点。过去分词具有 被动 和 完成 的含义，在句中可作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语。
1. 基本形式与含义
| 形式 |
含义 |
例句 |
| 及物动词的过去分词 |
被动 +（完成） |
Seen from the hill... 被从山上看到 |
| 不及物动词的过去分词 |
完成（无被动） |
Gone are the days... 已经过去 |
2. 作各种状语的用法
① 时间状语
相当于一个时间状语从句，常可加连词 when, while, once, until 等明确时间关系。
- Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks like a garden.
= When it is seen from the top of the mountain, ...
- Once published, the novel became a best-seller.
= Once it was published, ...
② 原因状语
相当于 because / since / as 引导的原因状语从句。
- Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.
= Because they were deeply moved by the story, ...
- Born into a poor family, he had to work at an early age.
= Because he was born into a poor family, ...
③ 条件状语
相当于 if / unless 引导的条件状语从句。
- Given more time, we could do it better.
= If we were given more time, ...
- Well watered, the plants will grow quickly.
= If they are well watered, ...
④ 让步状语
相当于 although / even though 引导的让步状语从句。
- Beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged.
= Although they were beaten by the opposite team, ...
- Left alone at home, the boy didn't feel afraid.
= Although he was left alone at home, ...
⑤ 方式/伴随状语
表示动作发生的方式或伴随情况，无相应连词。
- The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students.
- He sat in the chair, lost in thought.
3. 与现在分词作状语的区别
| 对比项 |
现在分词（doing） |
过去分词（done） |
| 语态 |
主动 |
被动 |
| 时态 |
进行 或 与谓语同时 |
完成（或先于谓语） |
| 例句 |
Seeing the teacher, she stood up.（主动—看到老师） |
Seen from the roof, the park is beautiful.（被动—被看到） |
| 例句 |
The news is exciting.（令人兴奋） |
I am excited.（感到兴奋） |
4. 独立主格结构
当分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，保留自己的主语，形成"名词/代词 + 过去分词"结构。
- The work finished, he went home.
= After the work was finished, ...
- All things considered, the plan is feasible.
= If all things are considered, ...
二、示例与例题
📖 例题详解（点击展开）
**例题1**：选择正确的非谓语形式。
1. *______ from the top of the tower, the town looks magnificent.*
A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. Having seen
✅ **B** — 因为 town 是被看到，表被动。
2. *______ in a hurry, he left his keys at home.*
A. Caught B. Catching C. Being caught D. Having caught
✅ **A** — "be caught in a hurry"是固定搭配。意为"因为匆忙"。
3. *______ by the beauty of the nature, they decided to stay another day.*
A. Attracting B. Attracted C. Being attracted D. Having attracted
✅ **B** — they 是被吸引，用过去分词表被动。
**例题2**：句型转换 — 将状语从句改为过去分词短语。
1. **When it is viewed from a distance**, the painting looks abstract.
→ **Viewed from a distance**, the painting looks abstract.
2. **Because he was encouraged by his teacher**, he made great progress.
→ **Encouraged by his teacher**, he made great progress.
3. **If it is treated with respect**, the dog will be friendly.
→ **Treated with respect**, the dog will be friendly.
三、表格总结
📋 过去分词作状语速查表
| 状语类型 | 连词 | 例句 |
|---------|------|------|
| 时间 | when, while, once, until | **When asked** about his plan, he kept silent. |
| 原因 | — | **Surprised at the news**, she cried out. |
| 条件 | if, unless | **Given another chance**, I'll succeed. |
| 让步 | although, even if | **Defeated many times**, he never gave up. |
| 方式/伴随 | — | She stood there, **astonished at the sight**. |
**关键判断口诀**：
分词作状语，主句主语是关键；
主动关系用 -ing，被动关系用 -ed；
独立主格不一样，自己主语自己带。
四、趣味练习
🎯 趣味闯关练习（点击展开）
**第一关：火眼金睛** — 用 -ing 或 -ed 填空
1. *The movie was so ______ (bore) that I fell asleep.* → boring
2. *______ (tire) after the long journey, he went straight to bed.* → Tired
3. *______ (follow) the guide, we explored the ancient city.* → Following
**第二关：句型转换大挑战**
1. Because he was absorbed in reading, he didn't notice the time.
→ **Absorbed in reading**, he didn't notice the time.
2. If it is cooked properly, the dish tastes delicious.
→ **Cooked properly**, the dish tastes delicious.
**第三关：改错题**
以下句子中各有一处错误，请指出并改正：
1. *Seeing from space, the earth looks blue.*
→ **Seen** from space (地球被看，非主动)
2. *Compared with his brother, he is more outgoing.*
→ ✅ 正确。Compared with 是固定表达，无所谓主动被动。
3. *The teacher came in, following by a group of students.*
→ **followed** by a group of students（老师被学生跟着）
五、课后作业
📚 课后作业（三级分层）
### 基础级（必做）
1. 用所给词的适当形式填空：
- ① *______ (encourage) by the progress, he worked harder.*
- ② *______ (scold) by his mother, he cried.*
- ③ *______ (give) a chance, I can prove myself.*
2. 将下列句子翻译成英语，使用过去分词作状语：
- ① 如果从远处看，这座山看起来像一头大象。
- ② 因为深受老师喜爱，她感到很开心。
### 进阶级（选做）
3. 将下列复合句改写为简单句（用过去分词作状语）：
- ① When the book is published, it will become a best-seller.
- ② Because he was absorbed in his work, he forgot to eat lunch.
4. 单选题：
- ① *______ more time, I'll do it better.*
A. Giving B. Given C. To give D. Give
- ② *The students went out of the classroom, ______ by the teacher.*
A. following B. followed C. to follow D. having followed
### 挑战级（自选）
5. 阅读理解：在下面的短文中找出所有的过去分词作状语的结构，并说明其类型：
> *Deeply impressed by the museum, the visitors decided to stay longer. Given a map of the city, they planned their route carefully. Lost in the beauty of the exhibits, they didn't notice the closing time. Warned by the staff, they hurried to the exit. However, caught in the rain on the way back, they got wet all over.*
6. 写作训练：用至少三个过去分词作状语的句子，写一段关于你曾经参与的一次志愿者活动的描述（100词左右）。
