一、什么是状语从句
状语从句是中考英语的高频考点,指在复合句中充当状语的从句,用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词或整个句子,表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、目的等关系。判断方法很简单:找到连接词,它引导的就是状语从句。
六大类型与常用连接词:
| 类型 | 常用连接词 |
|---|---|
| 时间状语从句 | when, while, as, before, after, until, as soon as, since |
| 条件状语从句 | if, unless, as long as |
| 原因状语从句 | because, since, as |
| 让步状语从句 | although, though, even if, even though |
| 结果状语从句 | so...that..., such...that... |
| 目的状语从句 | so that, in order that |
二、三个必考难点
难点1:主将从现
在时间和条件状语从句中,如果主句用一般将来时(或含祈使句、情态动词),从句用一般现在时表将来,这就是"主将从现"。
- If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. (如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。)
- I will call you as soon as I arrive. (我一到就给你打电话。)
注意:从句中即使表示将来时间,也不能用 will。这是中考单选和完成句子的必考点。
难点2:although/though 不与 but 连用
Although 引导让步状语从句时,主句不能再使用 but,但可以搭配 yet 或 still。
- 正确:Although he is old, he still works hard.
- 错误:Although he is old, but he works hard. (句号前出现两个连词,句子没有主句,语法错误)
难点3:when 与 while 的区别
- when 引导的从句既可以是"短暂性动作",也可以是"延续性动作"。
-
while 引导的从句必须是"延续性动作",且主从句动作通常同时进行,常用进行时。
-
When I got home, my mother was cooking dinner. (到家是短暂动作,用when)
- While I was reading, my brother was watching TV. (两个延续动作同时进行,用while)
三、典型例题精讲
例题1(单选题):We will go to the park if it ______ tomorrow. A. won't rain B. doesn't rain C. didn't rain
解析:这是if引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时 will go,从句要用一般现在时代替将来时,故选 B。
例题2(完成句子):直到妈妈回来,我才开始做作业。 I __ start my homework ____ my mother came back.
解析:"直到……才……"用 not...until 结构,主句用一般过去时,答案为 didn't, until。
例题3(单选题):______ he is very young, he knows a lot about science. A. Although B. Because C. If
解析:前后是转折让步关系——"虽然年轻,但懂得多",故选 A。注意此题主句没有but,符合although与主句不连用but的规则。
四、易错点汇总
- 主将从现忘变形:if/when 从句中用 doesn't、does、arrives 等一般现在时形式,不要写成 won't、will。
- because 与 so 不连用:和 although/but 一样,because 引导原因从句时主句不能再用 so。
- until 的否定用法:not...until 表示"直到……才",until 用于肯定句时动词要用延续性动词(如 wait、stay)。
- so that 与 so...that 混淆:so that 表目的(为了),so...that 表结果(如此……以至于)。
五、巩固练习
练习1(单选):My sister was reading a book ______ I came in. A. when B. while C. if
练习2(单选):If you ______ late again, the teacher will be angry. A. are B. will be C. were
练习3(单选):______ it was raining hard, they still went on working. A. Although B. Because C. If
练习4(完成句子):她一到这里就给我打电话。(as soon as)
练习5(翻译):直到雨停了,我们才离开学校。(not...until)
参考答案:练习1:A(came in是短暂动作,用when)。练习2:A(主将从现,从句用一般现在时)。练习3:A(让步关系)。练习4:She will call me as soon as she arrives here.(主将从现:从句arrives用一般现在时)。练习5:We didn't leave the school until the rain stopped.