一、什么是主谓一致
英语中，谓语动词的形式必须与主语的人称和数保持一致，这就是主谓一致。它包含三条基本原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。
- 语法一致：谓语动词与主语在语法形式上保持一致。主语是单数，谓语用单数（动词加 s/es 或 be 用 is/was）；主语是复数，谓语用复数。
- 意义一致：谓语的形式取决于主语所表达的意义，而不是表面形式。例如 people（人们）、police（警察）形式上是单数，意义上却是复数，谓语要用复数。
- 就近一致：谓语动词与离它最近的主语保持一致，常见于 there be 句型以及 either...or、neither...nor、not only...but also 连接的并列主语。
二、高频考点分类精讲
（一）不定代词作主语
everyone、someone、anyone、no one、each、either、neither、something 等不定代词作主语时，谓语用单数。
例句：Everyone in our class likes English.（我们班每个人都喜欢英语。）Each of the students has a new dictionary.（每个学生都有一本新词典。）注意：everyone 后面不能再接 of 短语，要表达"我们中的每一个人"应说 every one of us（分开写）。
（二）either...or / neither...nor / not only...but also 连接主语
这三个结构都遵循就近原则：谓语与靠近它的那个主语保持一致。
例句：Either you or he is wrong.（要么你错了，要么他错了——谓语 is 与 he 一致。）Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.（学生和老师都不知道答案——谓语与 teacher 一致。）Not only Tom but also his parents are coming.（不仅汤姆要来，他的父母也要来——谓语与 parents 一致。）
（三）with / together with / as well as / along with 结构
这类结构遵循就远原则（语法一致）：真正的主语在 with 等词前面，谓语与前面那个主语一致，with 后面的内容只是附加说明，不影响谓语形式。
例句：The teacher with his students is planting trees.（老师正和他的学生们植树——主语是 The teacher，谓语用单数 is。）注意对比：The teacher and his students are planting trees.（and 连接的是并列主语，谓语用复数 are。）
（四）the number of 与 a number of
the number of 意为"……的数量"，作主语时谓语用单数；a number of 意为"许多"，修饰复数名词，作主语时谓语用复数。
例句：The number of students in our school is 2000.（我们学校的学生数量是2000——the number of 用单数 is。）A number of students are playing basketball.（许多学生正在打篮球——a number of 用复数 are。）
（五）表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的名词作主语
这类名词作主语时，即使是复数形式，也常被看作一个整体，谓语用单数。
例句：Two hours is not enough for the work.（两个小时不够做这项工作。）Five hundred yuan is a lot of money for a student.（五百元对一个学生来说是一大笔钱。）
（六）集合名词的意义一致
family、class、team、group 等集合名词：指整体时谓语用单数，指其中的成员时谓语用复数。
例句：His family is a happy one.（他的家庭很幸福——整体，单数。）His family are all watching TV.（他家的人都在看电视——成员，复数。）
（七）分数、百分数 + of + 名词
谓语与 of 后面的名词保持一致：名词是可数名词复数或不可数名词整体时看其单复数。
例句：Two thirds of the water is polluted.（三分之二的水被污染了——water 不可数，用单数 is。）Seventy percent of the students come from the countryside.（百分之七十的学生来自农村——students 复数，用复数 come。）
（八）There be 句型
There be 句型的 be 动词采用就近原则，与最近的名词保持一致。
例句：There is a pen and two books on the desk.（桌上有一支钢笔和两本书——就近 a pen，用 is。）There are two books and a pen on the desk.（就近 two books，用 are。）
三、中考真题精析
【例1】— What do you think of the new movie? — Wonderful! Not only I but also my sister ______ it twice. A. have watched B. has watched C. watches D. is watching
解析：not only...but also 连接两个主语时遵循就近原则，谓语与靠近它的 my sister 一致，my sister 是第三人称单数，且句中有 twice 表示"已经看了两次"，用现在完成时 has watched，故选 B。
【例2】The number of the volunteers in our city __ 5000. And a number of them ____ college students. A. are; are B. is; are C. are; is D. is; is
解析：第一空 the number of 作主语用单数 is；第二空 a number of them（许多志愿者）用复数 are，故选 B。此题是"两数对比"的经典考查方式，务必记住 the number of 与 a number of 的差异。
【例3】— Maths __ my favourite subject. What about you? — Physics ____. I like it very much. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are
解析：maths 和 physics 虽然以 s 结尾，但都是不可数的学科名词，作主语时谓语用单数，故选 A。
四、易错点总结
| 易错点 | 错误示例 | 正确表达 |
|---|---|---|
| everyone 后接 of | everyone of us | every one of us |
| and 连接看整体 | 主语 A and B 用单数 | A and B 并列用复数 |
| with 结构误就近 | The teacher with students are... | The teacher with students is... |
| 学科名词误为复数 | Maths are interesting | Maths is interesting |
| there be 误一律就近后 | There are a pen... | There is a pen... |
五、巩固练习
基础题：用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Each of the boys __ (have) a new bike. 2. The number of teachers in this school _ (be) 150. 3. There (be) some milk and two eggs in the fridge. 4. Two thirds of the earth ___ (be) covered with water.
提高题：单项选择。 5. Neither my father nor my mother __ rock music. They think it's too noisy. A. like B. likes C. liking D. is liking 6. — How much _ the shoes? — Fifty dollars ___ enough. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are
挑战题：改错（每句只有一处错误）。 7. Everyone of us should take an active part in the sports meeting. 8. The singer and dancer are popular among the young people.（提示：the singer and dancer 指"既是歌手又是舞蹈家的那个人"） 9. A large number of money was spent on the new library.
（参考答案：1.has。2.is。3.is（就近 some milk，不可数）。4.is（earth 不可数，看作整体）。5.B（就近 my mother，第三人称单数）。6.B（How much are the shoes 中 shoes 复数用 are；Fifty dollars 表整体金额用 is）。7.everyone 改为 every one。8.are 改为 is（the singer and dancer 指同一个人，是单数概念；若为两个人应写 the singer and the dancer）。9.was 改为 were 或 a large number of 改为 a large amount of：a large number of 修饰可数名词复数，money 不可数，应说 a large amount of money was spent。）