非谓语动词——动名词与不定式
一、什么是非谓语动词？
一个句子中不能作谓语的动词形式，就是非谓语动词。它包括三种形式： - 动名词（doing） - 不定式（to do） - 分词（doing / done）
二、动名词 vs 不定式
作主语
| 形式 | 位置 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 动名词 | 句首 | Reading aloud is helpful. |
| 不定式 | 句首或句尾 | To read aloud is helpful. / It is helpful to read aloud. |
作宾语
只能接动名词的动词： - enjoy, finish, mind, avoid, suggest, practice, consider, admit, deny
I enjoy swimming. He avoided making mistakes.
只能接不定式的动词： - want, hope, decide, plan, refuse, promise, learn, offer, agree
I want to go home. She decided to study harder.
两者皆可但意义不同： | 动词 | + doing | + to do | |------|---------|---------| | remember | 记得做过 | 记得要去做 | | forget | 忘记做过 | 忘记要去做 | | stop | 停止做 | 停下来去做别的事 | | try | 试着做 | 努力去做 | | mean | 意味着 | 打算 |
三、动名词的复合结构
语法： 物主代词/名词所有格 + 动名词 例句：I don't mind his coming late. 例句：Tom's winning the game surprised everyone.
四、不定式的时态和语态
| 时态 | 主动 | 被动 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般式 | to do | to be done |
| 进行式 | to be doing | / |
| 完成式 | to have done | to have been done |
例句：He is said to have written a novel.（据说他写了一本小说——完成式，动作发生在谓语之前）
五、固定句型
| 句型 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| It's + adj + of/for sb + to do | 对某人来说做某事是怎样的 |
| have trouble/difficulty (in) doing | 做某事有困难 |
| There is no use (in) doing | 做某事没用 |
| cannot help doing | 忍不住做某事 |
| would like to do | 想要做某事 |
六、练习
用所给词的正确形式填空： 1. I enjoy _ (listen) to music. 2. He decided (become) a doctor. 3. I remember __ (lock) the door, but it's open now. 4. Please stop _____ (talk). The class is starting.
答案：1. listening 2. to become 3. locking 4. talking