一般将来时——be going to 句型精讲
一般将来时用来描述将来要发生的事情。在小学阶段，最常用的表达方式是"be going to"句型。掌握这个句型，你就能用英语畅谈未来计划啦！
一、认识 be going to 句型
含义：表示"计划、打算做某事"或"根据现有迹象推测即将发生某事"。
基本结构：主语 + be动词(am/is/are) + going to + 动词原形 + 其他
be动词的选择
| 主语 | be动词 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | I am going to read a book. |
| He/She/It | is | She is going to visit Beijing. |
| You/We/They | are | We are going to play football. |
例句展示
肯定句： - I am going to do my homework tonight. - He is going to learn English this summer. - They are going to travel to Shanghai next week.
否定句：在be动词后加not - I am not going to watch TV tonight. - She is not going to eat junk food anymore.
一般疑问句：将be动词提到主语前 - Are you going to visit your grandparents? - Is he going to take a piano lesson?
特殊疑问句：疑问词 + be动词 + 主语 + going to + 动词原形？ - What are you going to do tomorrow? - Where is she going to go this weekend?
二、语法表格总结
| 句式 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定句 | S + be(am/is/are) + going to + V原 | We are going to have a picnic. |
| 否定句 | S + be + not + going to + V原 | I am not going to be late. |
| 一般疑问句 | Be + S + going to + V原？ | Are you going to swim? |
| 特殊疑问句 | Wh-word + be + S + going to + V原？ | When are you going to leave? |
三、时间状语
以下时间词常与一般将来时连用：
| 时间词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| tomorrow | 明天 | I am going to visit the museum tomorrow. |
| next week | 下周 | She is going to start a new class next week. |
| this weekend | 这个周末 | We are going to go hiking this weekend. |
| tonight | 今晚 | He is going to finish his homework tonight. |
| in the future | 将来 | I am going to be a doctor in the future. |
| next month | 下个月 | They are going to move to a new house next month. |
四、例题解析
例题1：用所给词的正确形式填空。 My sister ____ (go) to learn the piano next month.
解析：next month 是将来时标志。be going to 结构。 参考答案：is going to go
例题2：按要求改写句子。 He is going to play basketball after school.（改为否定句） 解析：否定句在is后加not。 参考答案：He is not going to play basketball after school.
例题3：连词成句。 going / What / do / to / you / are / tonight / ?
解析：特殊疑问句结构：Wh-word + be + S + going to + V原？ 参考答案：What are you going to do tonight?
例题4：对划线部分提问。 She is going to buy a dictionary in the bookstore.
解析：划线部分"买词典"是"做什么"，用"What"提问。 参考答案：What is she going to buy in the bookstore?
例题5：根据提示补全对话。 A: What are you going to do this summer vacation? B: I am going to ____.（学习游泳） 解析："学习游泳"用 learn to swim。 参考答案：learn to swim
五、易混淆点对比
| 易错点 | 错误示例 | 正确示例 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 忘记动词原形 | She is going to reads books. | She is going to read books. | going to 后接动词原形 |
| be动词用错 | I is going to play. | I am going to play. | I 搭配 am |
| 疑问句忘记调be | What you are going to do? | What are you going to do? | be动词提到主语前 |
趣味练习
📚 点击展开练习
**练习1**：用be going to的正确形式填空。 1. Tom __________ (swim) this afternoon. 2. The students __________ (have) a party next Friday. 3. I __________ (not, play) computer games tonight. **练习2**：连词成句。 1. is / going / He / to / tomorrow / play football / . ________________________________ 2. not / going / to / We / late / are / be / . ________________________________ **练习3**：情景会话。 用英语写出两个关于"你打算如何度过这个周末"的对话（一问一答）。课后作业
第一级：基础题 1. 写出以下句子的否定句。 - I am going to watch TV. - She is going to buy a new dress. 2. 写出以下句子的疑问句并作肯定回答。 - They are going to play chess.
第二级：提高题 3. 用be going to写一段话（不少于5句话），介绍你下周的计划。 4. 阅读下面的短文，并将它们翻译成中文。 "Amy is going to visit her grandparents next weekend. She is going to take the train. She is going to stay there for two days. She is going to help her grandma cook dinner."
第三级：挑战题 5. 角色扮演：你和朋友在讨论暑假计划，用英语写一段对话（至少8句），要求使用be going to句型。 6. 写作：My Plan for the Coming Month（写一篇不少于80词的英语短文）。
六、will vs be going to 对比
英语中表达将来时还有另一种常见方式：will。我们来对比两者的区别。
| 对比维度 | be going to | will |
|---|---|---|
| 使用场景 | 事先计划好的安排 | 临时做出的决定 |
| 例句 | I am going to visit my grandma tomorrow.（早就计划好了） | —The phone is ringing! —I will answer it.（临时决定） |
| 预测依据 | 有迹象表明要发生 | 个人主观看法 |
| 例句 | Look at those clouds! It is going to rain.（看到乌云） | I think it will rain tomorrow.（个人猜测） |
补充例题
例题6：选择 be going to 或 will 填空。 A: Why are you holding a book? B: I ____ read it tonight. 解析：手里拿着书说明是计划好的，用 am going to。
A: I don't have money for lunch. B: Don't worry! I ____ lend you some. 解析：临时决定帮助对方，用 will。
七、be going to 的特殊疑问句专项
常用疑问词搭配
| 疑问词 | 提问内容 | 结构 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| What | 做什么 | What + be + S + going to + do? | What are you going to do? |
| Where | 去哪里 | Where + be + S + going to + go? | Where is she going to go? |
| When | 什么时候 | When + be + S + going to + V原? | When are they going to arrive? |
| Who | 和谁一起 | Who + be + S + going to + V原 with? | Who are you going to play with? |
| How | 怎么去 | How + be + S + going to + go/come? | How is he going to get there? |
专项练习解析
例题7：对划线部分提问。 They are going to visit the museum tomorrow.
步骤1：确定疑问词——"参观博物馆"是"做什么"，用 What 步骤2：把划线部分替换成 What，be动词提到主语前 步骤3：调整语序：What + are + they + going to + do + tomorrow? 参考答案：What are they going to do tomorrow?
例题8：对划线部分提问。 She is going to Beijing next summer.
步骤1：确定疑问词——"北京"是地点，用 Where 步骤2：Where + is + she + going to + go + next summer? 参考答案：Where is she going to go next summer?
八、be going to 的否定句专项
否定句结构：主语 + be(am/is/are) + not + going to + 动词原形
注意：not 放在 be 动词之后，going to 之前。在口语中常缩写为： - is not → isn't - are not → aren't - am not → 无缩写形式
对比表格
| 肯定句 | 否定句 |
|---|---|
| I am going to play soccer. | I am not going to play soccer. |
| He is going to watch TV. | He isn't going to watch TV. |
| We are going to eat out. | We aren't going to eat out. |
| They are going to travel. | They are not going to travel. |
例题解析
例题9：将下列句子改为否定句。 1. Mike is going to take a bus. → Mike is not going to take a bus.
-
I am going to buy a new bike. → I am not going to buy a new bike.
-
The girls are going to dance at the party. → The girls are not going to dance at the party.
九、情景对话与应用
场景一：讨论周末计划
Dialogue 1： A: What are you going to do this weekend? B: I am going to visit my grandparents. How about you? A: I am going to stay at home and read books. B: That sounds nice! Are you going to read any interesting books? A: Yes, I am going to read Harry Potter. B: Great! I am going to borrow it from you when you finish.
Dialogue 2： A: Where are you going to go this summer vacation? B: I am going to go to Beijing with my family. A: Wow! How are you going to get there? B: We are going to take the high-speed train. A: What are you going to see there? B: We are going to visit the Great Wall and the Forbidden City.
场景二：课堂讨论
Teacher: What are you going to be when you grow up? Student 1: I am going to be a doctor. I want to help sick people. Student 2: I am going to be a teacher. I love children. Student 3: I am going to be a scientist. I want to explore space. Teacher: Wonderful! You all have great dreams. Remember to work hard for them!
趣味练习（进阶）
📚 点击展开进阶练习
**练习4**：根据提示完成对话。 A: What __________ you __________ (do) this Sunday? B: I __________ (play) basketball with my friends. A: __________ your brother __________ (join) you? B: No, he __________ (study) for his exam. **练习5**：对划线部分提问。 1. We are going to **visit the zoo** this Saturday. ________________________________ 2. She is going to go there **by bike**. ________________________________ 3. They are going to meet **at the school gate**. ________________________________ **练习6**：判断句子正误，错误的改正。 1. I am going to playing football. ( ) ________________________________ 2. She is going to not watch TV. ( ) ________________________________ 3. Are you going to visit your uncle? ( ) ________________________________ **练习7**：将下列对话翻译成英语。 A: 你明天打算做什么？ B: 我打算去游泳。 A: 你打算和谁一起去？ B: 我打算和我的好朋友Tom一起去。课后作业（补充）
第一级：基础题 7. 用be going to的正确形式完成句子。 (1) My mother _ (cook) dinner tonight. (2) The children _ (not, play) in the street. (3) _ you _ (help) me with my homework? 8. 改写句子：I am going to read a book.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答）
第二级：提高题 9. 用be going to造5个句子，介绍你明天的计划。 10. 阅读并回答问题。 "Tom is going to have a busy weekend. On Saturday morning, he is going to clean his room. In the afternoon, he is going to do his homework. On Sunday, he is going to visit his grandfather." (1) What is Tom going to do on Saturday morning? (2) Is Tom going to visit his grandfather on Saturday? (3) Do you think Tom is going to have a fun weekend? Why?
第三级：挑战题 11. 看图写作：假设你下周末要去海边度假，请写一篇短文（不少于60词），描述你的计划，要求： - 使用至少5个be going to句子 - 包含：交通方式、活动安排、和谁一起去 12. 中英互译： (1) 我们打算下周去野餐。 (2) 她不打算参加这次比赛。 (3) 你打算怎么去机场？