高一英语重点：被动语态（Passive Voice）完全指南

📅 2026-07-06

高一英语重点：被动语态（Passive Voice）完全指南

一、知识讲解

1.1 什么是被动语态

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，而不是执行者。

对比理解： - 主动：The cat ate the fish.（猫吃了鱼——猫是执行者） - 被动：The fish was eaten by the cat.（鱼被猫吃了——鱼是承受者）

被动语态在英语中使用非常频繁，尤其是在科技说明文、新闻报道和学术写作中。因为在这些文体中，动作的执行者往往不重要或者不言自明。

1.2 被动语态的构成公式

be + 过去分词（V-ed/V-en）

be动词根据时态和主语的人称、数进行变化。这是被动语态的核心公式，必须牢记。

1.3 各时态的被动语态结构

时态 主动语态 被动语态 例句（被动）
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + done English is spoken all over the world.
一般过去时 did was/were + done The bridge was built in 1990.
一般将来时 will do will be + done The meeting will be held tomorrow.
现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being + done The road is being repaired now.
过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being + done The car was being washed at 3pm.
现在完成时 have/has done have/has been + done The work has been finished already.
过去完成时 had done had been + done He said the book had been sold out.
含情态动词 can/must do can/must be + done This must be done right now.

小窍门：将主动句中的动词改为"be + 过去分词"，并把be调整为正确的时态形式即可。例如一般过去时主动的ate（eat的过去式），被动就是 was/were eaten。

1.4 主动变被动的五步法

步骤 操作 例句变换
① 找宾语 找出主动句的宾语→变成被动句的主语 They planted many trees last year.
② 改主语 原主语变成by+宾语（可省略） Many trees ... by them last year.
③ 定时态 原动词时态保持不变 planted（一般过去时）
④ 变被动 be+过去分词，be用时态对应形式 Many trees were planted by them.
⑤ 调人称 be与新的主语保持一致 were（与复数Many trees一致）

最终结果：Many trees were planted by them last year.

注意：如果原句没有宾语（不及物动词），则不能变被动语态。例如：He sleeps well. ✗ He is slept well.

二、重点难点解析

2.1 双宾语的被动转换

主动句：My mother gave me a gift.（gave双宾语：间接宾语me，直接宾语a gift）

有两种转换方式：

方式一（直接宾语作主语，更学术）： A gift was given to me by my mother. ✓

方式二（间接宾语作主语，更常用）： I was given a gift by my mother. ✓

常见的双宾语动词有：give, send, offer, teach, show, tell, buy, lend, pass, hand等。

动词 主动 被动（间接宾语作主语）
give He gave me a book. I was given a book.
offer They offered her a job. She was offered a job.
teach She taught us English. We were taught English.
show He showed me the way. I was shown the way.

2.2 复合宾语的被动转换——to的恢复

主动句：They made him captain.（him是宾语，captain是宾补）

被动：He was made captain (by them). ✓

⚡ 重要规则！ 使役动词（make, let, have）和感官动词（see, hear, watch, notice, observe）在主动句中用省略to的不定式作宾补，但变被动时，必须恢复to！

对比学习：

动词 主动句 被动句
make The boss made us work overtime. We were made to work overtime.
see I saw him run away. He was seen to run away.
hear We heard her sing a song. She was heard to sing a song.

例外：动词let的被动通常不用let……to形式，而是改用allow/permit：We were allowed to go home.

2.3 主动表被动的特殊情况

情况 说明 例句
need/want/require + doing doing形式主动表被动 The car needs washing.（= needs to be washed）
不及物动词无被动 happen, occur, take place, last等 The accident happened yesterday. ✗ was happened
系动词无被动 look, sound, feel, taste, smell, seem The soup tastes delicious. ✗ is tasted
物作主语表性质 sell/wash/write + well/easily This book sells well.✗ is sold well (这里不对)
be worth doing worth后面用主动表被动 The movie is worth watching.

三、趣味练习

🎯 点击展开趣味练习（4道） ### 练习1 将下列句子改为被动语态： The students are cleaning the classroom.
✅ 答案 The classroom is being cleaned by the students. （注意：现在进行时的被动是 is/am/are + being + done）
### 练习2 选择正确的形式： This book (wrote / was written) by Mo Yan.
✅ 答案 was written（书是被莫言写的，应该用被动语态）
### 练习3 改错：The meeting will be hold next Monday.
✅ 答案 hold→held。一般将来时的被动结构是will be + 过去分词，hold的过去分词是held。
### 练习4 翻译： 据说这座桥建于宋朝（Song Dynasty）。
✅ 参考答案 It is said that this bridge was built in the Song Dynasty. 或：This bridge is said to have been built in the Song Dynasty. （注意：两种句型都需要掌握，前者是it作形式主语的被动，后者是主语+被动谓语+不定式）

四、课后作业

🥇 基础题（必做）

将下列句子改为被动语态：

  1. People speak English in many countries.
  2. The workers have built a new hospital in the town.
  3. They will hold the sports meet next month.
  4. Someone saw him enter the building last night.
  5. The company offered her a promotion.

🥈 提高题（选做）

用正确的被动语态形式填空：

  1. All tickets for the concert _ (sell) out by yesterday.
  2. The children _ (take) good care of in the kindergarten.
  3. He said the work _ (finish) by the end of this week.
  4. A new bridge _ (build) across the river at present.
  5. The problem _ (discuss) at the meeting last Friday.

🥉 挑战题（拓展）

  1. 翻译并比较：The door won't open 与 The door won't be opened 的区别。思考：为什么前者不用被动形式？
  2. 用被动语态改写下面的段落（不少于5处改动）：

Someone broke into our house last night. They stole my mother's jewelry and my father's laptop. The police are investigating the case now. They have questioned several neighbors. Hopefully, they will find the thief soon.