高一英语:定语从句关系代词与关系副词的选择技巧

高一英语:定语从句关系代词与关系副词的选择技巧

一、知识点概述

定语从句(Attributive Clause)是高一英语语法中的重中之重。关系词的选择是高考高频考点,也是学生最容易出错的地方。

关系代词 vs 关系副词

关系代词: who, whom, which, that, whose(在从句中作主语、宾语或定语) 关系副词: when, where, why(在从句中作状语)

二、核心判断方法

"三步法"判断用关系代词还是关系副词:

1️⃣ 分析从句结构:找出从句中的主语、谓语 2️⃣ 看从句是否完整:缺主/宾/表 → 关系代词;不缺主/宾/表 → 关系副词 3️⃣ 根据先行词选择:人用who/whom,物用which,时间用when,地点用where,原因用why

三、经典例题

例题1: I will never forget the day ______ I first met my best friend.

解析: - 从句:I first met my best friend(主谓宾齐全,不缺少成分) - 先行词:the day(表示时间) - 从句完整,先行词表时间 → 用 when - 答案: when

例题2: I will never forget the day ______ we spent together.

解析: - 从句:we spent together(spent是及物动词,缺宾语) - 从句不完整 → 用关系代词 - 先行词:the day(指物)→ 用 which/that - 答案: which/that(可省略)

四、常见易错点

先行词 从句完整→关系副词 从句不完整→关系代词
the day when which/that
the place where which/that
the reason why which/that

五、实用技巧

  1. 还原法:把先行词代入从句,看需不需要加介词
  2. the day I met him → I met him on the day(需on→关系副词when)
  3. the day I spent → I spent the day(直接作宾语→关系代词which)
  4. that vs which:先行词有最高级、不定代词时只能用that
  5. 省略规则:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略
  6. 非限制性定语从句:逗号隔开,不能用that,不能用who代替whom

六、小测验

用正确的关系词填空: 1. This is the school __ I studied for three years. 2. This is the school _ was built last year. 3. I don't know the reason ___ he was late.

(答案:1. where 2. which/that 3. why)