高一英语:定语从句关系代词与关系副词的选择技巧
一、知识点概述
定语从句(Attributive Clause)是高一英语语法中的重中之重。关系词的选择是高考高频考点,也是学生最容易出错的地方。
关系代词 vs 关系副词
关系代词: who, whom, which, that, whose(在从句中作主语、宾语或定语) 关系副词: when, where, why(在从句中作状语)
二、核心判断方法
"三步法"判断用关系代词还是关系副词:
1️⃣ 分析从句结构:找出从句中的主语、谓语 2️⃣ 看从句是否完整:缺主/宾/表 → 关系代词;不缺主/宾/表 → 关系副词 3️⃣ 根据先行词选择:人用who/whom,物用which,时间用when,地点用where,原因用why
三、经典例题
例题1: I will never forget the day ______ I first met my best friend.
解析: - 从句:I first met my best friend(主谓宾齐全,不缺少成分) - 先行词:the day(表示时间) - 从句完整,先行词表时间 → 用 when - 答案: when
例题2: I will never forget the day ______ we spent together.
解析: - 从句:we spent together(spent是及物动词,缺宾语) - 从句不完整 → 用关系代词 - 先行词:the day(指物)→ 用 which/that - 答案: which/that(可省略)
四、常见易错点
| 先行词 | 从句完整→关系副词 | 从句不完整→关系代词 |
|---|---|---|
| the day | when | which/that |
| the place | where | which/that |
| the reason | why | which/that |
五、实用技巧
- 还原法:把先行词代入从句,看需不需要加介词
- the day I met him → I met him on the day(需on→关系副词when)
- the day I spent → I spent the day(直接作宾语→关系代词which)
- that vs which:先行词有最高级、不定代词时只能用that
- 省略规则:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略
- 非限制性定语从句:逗号隔开,不能用that,不能用who代替whom
六、小测验
用正确的关系词填空: 1. This is the school __ I studied for three years. 2. This is the school _ was built last year. 3. I don't know the reason ___ he was late.
(答案:1. where 2. which/that 3. why)