五年级英语：一般过去时——不规则动词变化规律精讲

#五年级 #英语 #一般过去时 #不规则动词
📅 2026-09-02

五年级英语：一般过去时——不规则动词变化规律精讲

一、知识点讲解

一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常见的时间标志词有：yesterday（昨天）、last night（昨晚）、last week（上周）、last year（去年）、three days ago（三天前）、just now（刚才）、in 2020 等。

规则动词的过去式有四种变化：一般情况直接加 -ed（work → worked）；以不发音的 e 结尾只加 -d（live → lived）；以辅音字母加 y 结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 -ed（study → studied）；重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写该字母再加 -ed（stop → stopped）。

不规则动词的过去式不按上述规律变化，需要分组记忆。把不规则动词按变化规律分类，记起来又快又牢。

二、不规则动词变化规律分组表

类型 变化规律 常见动词
AAA 型 原形、过去式、过去分词相同 read-read-read, cut-cut-cut, put-put-put, let-let-let
ABA 型 过去式不同，原形与过去分词相同 come-came-come, run-ran-run
ABB 型 过去式与过去分词相同 have-had-had, make-made-made, buy-bought-bought, bring-brought-brought, teach-taught-taught, think-thought-thought, say-said-said, tell-told-told, sell-sold-sold, find-found-found, get-got-got, meet-met-met, sleep-slept-slept, feel-felt-felt, keep-kept-kept, leave-left-left, send-sent-sent, spend-spent-spent
ABC 型 原形、过去式、过去分词各不相同 go-went-gone, see-saw-seen, eat-ate-eaten, take-took-taken, give-gave-given, write-wrote-written, ride-rode-ridden, drive-drove-driven, fly-flew-flown, grow-grew-grown, know-knew-known, throw-threw-thrown, wear-wore-worn, swim-swam-swum, sing-sang-sung, drink-drank-drunk, begin-began-begun
特殊型 系动词等特殊变化 am/is-was, are-were, do-did-done

记忆小窍门：ABB 型数量最多，可以编成「顺口溜」——had 过 make，买 brought 教 taught 想 thought；ABC 型可以按「元音变化」记，如 i-a-u 型（swim-swam-swum, sing-sang-sung, drink-drank-drunk）。

三、句型结构

  1. 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式。例句：He watched TV last night.
  2. 否定句：主语 + didn't + 动词原形。例句：He didn't watch TV last night.
  3. 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形？例句：Did he watch TV last night? 回答：Yes, he did. / No, he didn't.

注意：只要句子中用了 didn't 或 did，后面的动词一定要还原成原形，这是考试中最高频的考点！

四、例题解析

【例1】用所给词的适当形式填空。

（1）I ___ (see) a film yesterday. → saw （2）She ___ (go) to Beijing last week. → went （3）They ___ (not buy) any books last Sunday. → didn't buy

【解析】（1）yesterday 提示用过去时，see 的过去式是不规则变化 saw。（2）last week 提示用过去时，go 的过去式是 went。（3）否定句用 didn't + 动词原形，所以填 didn't buy，buy 还原原形。

【例2】按要求改写句子。

She went to school by bike.（改为否定句和一般疑问句）

否定句：She didn't go to school by bike. 一般疑问句：Did she go to school by bike? 回答：Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.

【解析】改写时 went 要还原成 go，因为 didn't 和 Did 后面都必须跟动词原形。

【例3】单项选择。

— Did you ___ the window just now? — Yes, I did. A. open B. opened C. opening 答案：A。Did 后面用动词原形 open。

五、随堂练习

  1. 写出下列动词的过去式。 （1）have ___ （2）go ___ （3）see ___ （4）buy ___ （5）eat ___ （6）write ___ （7）teach ___ （8）swim ___ （9）read ___ （10）make ___

  2. 用所给词的适当形式填空。 （1）I ___ (eat) an apple yesterday morning. （2）He ___ (not go) to school last Monday. （3）___ she ___ (sing) an English song last night?

  3. 按要求改写句子。 We played games in the park.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答）

六、参考答案

  1. （1）had （2）went （3）saw （4）bought （5）ate （6）wrote （7）taught （8）swam （9）read （10）made
  2. （1）ate （2）didn't go （3）Did, sing
  3. Did you play games in the park? Yes, we did.