一、比较级到底比较什么
比较级用来比较两个人或两件事在某一方面的高低、多少、大小。基本句型只有三个,记住它们,百分之八十的题就能做对。
- A + be/动词 + 比较级 + than + B。例:Tom is taller than Jim.(汤姆比吉姆高。)
- A + be + as + 形容词原级 + as + B。例:Tom is as tall as Jim.(汤姆和吉姆一样高。)
- A + be + the + 最高级 + in/of 范围。例:Tom is the tallest in his class.(汤姆在班里最高。)
注意:than 后面接代词时,口语里常用宾格(taller than me),书面语严格用主格(taller than I am)。考试中如果 than 后面是完整句子,就一定用主格:She runs faster than I do.
二、形容词、副词比较级的规则变化
- 一般直接加 -er:tall→taller,fast→faster,hard→harder。
- 以不发音的 e 结尾,加 -r:nice→nicer,large→larger,late→later。
- 重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写再加 -er:big→bigger,hot→hotter,thin→thinner,fat→fatter。
- 辅音字母+y 结尾,变 y 为 i 再加 -er:easy→easier,happy→happier,early→earlier,busy→busier。注意:元音字母+y 的直接加 -er,如 gray→grayer。
- 多音节词和部分双音节词,前面加 more:more beautiful,more outgoing,more carefully,more friendly。
不规则变化必须背:good/well→better,bad/badly/ill→worse,many/much→more,little→less,far→farther/further,old→older/elder。
三、六个高频错误
- 双重比较级:more taller、more easier 都是错的,一个词只能用一种方式。
- 比较对象不一致:My bike is faster than Jim.(错,自行车不能和人比)应改为 than Jim's 或 than Jim's bike。
- than 后面漏掉必要的成分:He is taller than I am. 不能写成 He is taller than I. 的随意省略(口语可接受,考试按规范写)。
- as...as 中间用比较级:as taller as 是错的,必须是 as tall as。
- 修饰比较级用 very:very taller 错,应用 much、a lot、a little、even、still、far 修饰,如 much taller、a little taller。
- 比较级前加 the:只有在"the + 比较级, the + 比较级"(越……越……)或"the + 比较级 + of the two"结构里才用 the。例:The more you read, the more you know. / He is the taller of the two.
四、例题精讲
题目:用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. This book is _ (interesting) than that one. 2. My sister sings _ (well) than me. 3. Lucy is _ (outgoing) than her cousin. 4. Today is even _ (hot) than yesterday.
答案与解析: 1. more interesting。interesting 是多音节词,比较级加 more,不能写 interestinger。 2. better。well 的比较级是不规则的 better,修饰动词 sings 要用副词比较级。 3. more outgoing。outgoing 是多音节词,用 more。 4. hotter。hot 是重读闭音节,双写 t 再加 -er;even 修饰比较级,本身就是"更……"的信号词。
五、分层练习
(一)写出比较级:1. big __ 2. easy _ 3. careful 4. bad 5. thin 6. friendly ___ 答案:bigger, easier, more careful, worse, thinner, more friendly
(二)单项选择: 1. —Is your brother as __ as you? —No, he is ____ than me. A. tall; tall B. tall; taller C. taller; tall D. taller; taller 答案:B。第一空 as...as 之间用原级,第二空有 than 用比较级。
- The __ you work, the ____ grades you will get. A. hard; good B. harder; better C. harder; good D. hard; better 答案:B。"the + 比较级, the + 比较级"表示"越……越……"。
(三)改错: 1. She is more taller than her mother. → 去掉 more。 2. My English is better than my brother. → 改为 than my brother's。 3. He runs very faster than me. → 把 very 改为 much。
(四)写作小任务:用 5 句话比较你和最好的朋友,至少用 2 个比较级、1 个 as...as 结构。示例:My best friend is taller than me, but I am more outgoing than him. We are both as hard-working as each other...
六、学法建议
比较级的题几乎都能靠"找信号词"解决:看到 than 想比较级,看到 as...as 想原级,看到 in/of 加范围想最高级,看到 much、even、a little 想比较级。把这四个信号词写在便利贴上,做题前扫一眼,比反复背规则有效得多。