被动语态全攻略
🤔 主动 vs 被动
| 主动语态 | 被动语态 |
|---|---|
| 主语是动作的执行者 | 主语是动作的承受者 |
| The cat ate the fish. | The fish was eaten by the cat. |
| 猫吃了鱼。 | 鱼被猫吃了。 |
📌 被动语态结构
be + 过去分词 (done)
be动词的时态决定了被动语态的时态。
🎯 各时态的被动语态
| 时态 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般现在时 | am/is/are + done | English is spoken all over the world. |
| 一般过去时 | was/were + done | The bridge was built in 1990. |
| 一般将来时 | will be + done | The meeting will be held tomorrow. |
| 现在完成时 | have/has been + done | The work has been finished. |
| 情态动词 | 情态动词 + be + done | This must be done at once. |
🔄 主动变被动的三步法
- 找：找到原句的宾语（动作承受者）→ 变为新主语
- 改：谓语动词改为 be + 过去分词，be的时态与原句一致
- 加：原句的主语前加 by，放在句尾（可省略）
示例：主动：My mom cooks dinner every day. 被动：Dinner is cooked by my mom every day.
⚠️ 特殊用法
1. 双宾语动词的被动
give, tell, send, show 等动词有两个宾语（+人 +物）
- 主动：He gave me a book.
- 被动①：I was given a book (by him). ✅（常用）
- 被动②：A book was given to me (by him). ✅
2. 感官动词 + 不带to的不定式
see, hear, watch, make 等
- 主动：I saw him run.
- 被动：He was seen to run. ✅（加回to！）
🚫 不用被动的情况
- 不及物动词（happen, take place, appear 等）
- 表示状态的动词（have, lack, fit, suit 等）
- 系动词（feel, look, sound, taste, smell 等以主动形式表被动含义）
例：The flower smells good. ✨（不用被动）
📝 中考重点
- 短文填空中的被动语态变形
- 主动与被动的选择判断
- 被动语态的时态搭配
💡 小练习
将下列句子改为被动语态：
- They clean the classroom every day.
- My father bought this computer last year.
- We must protect the environment.
- She has finished her homework.
答案提示： ① The classroom is cleaned every day. ② This computer was bought by my father last year. ③ The environment must be protected. ④ Her homework has been finished.