小学四年级英语：一般将来时——be going to 与 will 句型

一般将来时——be going to 与 will 句型

Hello, boys and girls! 今天我们要学习一个非常实用的时态——一般将来时（Simple Future Tense）。它用来表示「将要发生的事情」。比如，明天要去公园、下周要考试、暑假要去旅行……这些「还没发生、但是计划好了」的事情，都要用一般将来时来表达。学会它，你就能用英语畅想未来了！

一、什么是一般将来时

一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常见的标志词有：

• tomorrow（明天）
• next week（下周）
• next month（下个月）
• next year（明年）
• in the future（在将来）
• soon（很快）
• tonight（今晚）
• this weekend（这个周末）

看到这些时间词，就要想到用一般将来时啦！

二、句型一：be going to + 动词原形

be going to 表示「打算、计划做某事」，或者根据现有迹象判断「将要发生某事」。它的结构是：

主语 + be动词（am/is/are）+ going to + 动词原形 + 其他

be动词要跟着主语变化：

• I am going to ...
• He / She / It is going to ...
• We / You / They are going to ...

例句

• I am going to visit my grandparents this weekend. 这个周末我打算去看望爷爷奶奶。
• She is going to buy a new dress tomorrow. 她明天打算买一条新裙子。
• We are going to have an English party next Friday. 下周五我们将举办英语派对。

注意：going to 后面的动词一定要用原形，不能说 going to visited、going to buys。

be going to 的三种句式变化

肯定句：主语 + be + going to + 动词原形。

• They are going to play football after school. 放学后他们打算踢足球。

否定句：在 be 动词后面加 not。

• They are not going to play football after school. 放学后他们不打算踢足球。

一般疑问句：把 be 动词提到句首，句尾加问号。

• Are they going to play football after school? 放学后他们要踢足球吗？
• 肯定回答：Yes, they are. 否定回答：No, they aren't.

例1：句型转换

原句：He is going to swim tomorrow.

• 否定句：He is not going to swim tomorrow.
• 一般疑问句：Is he going to swim tomorrow?
• 肯定回答：Yes, he is.
• 否定回答：No, he isn't.
• 对划线提问（tomorrow）：When is he going to swim?

三、句型二：will + 动词原形

will 也用来表示将来，比 be going to 更侧重于「临时决定」或「客观预测」，不受主语限制，不管主语是谁，都用 will。结构：

主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其他

• I will help you with your homework. 我会帮你做作业。
• She will be ten years old next year. 她明年就十岁了。
• It will rain tomorrow. 明天会下雨。（预测）

注意：will 后面也要用动词原形。will 可以缩写成 'll：I will = I'll，she will = she'll，they will = they'll。

will 的三种句式变化

肯定句：主语 + will + 动词原形。

• He will come to school by bike. 他将骑自行车来学校。

否定句：will 后面加 not，即 will not，缩写为 won't。

• He will not（won't）come to school by bike. 他不会骑自行车来学校。

一般疑问句：把 will 提到句首。

• Will he come to school by bike? 他会骑自行车来学校吗？
• 肯定回答：Yes, he will. 否定回答：No, he won't.

例2：句型转换

原句：They will visit the museum.

• 否定句：They will not（won't）visit the museum.
• 一般疑问句：Will they visit the museum?
• 肯定回答：Yes, they will.
• 否定回答：No, they won't.

四、be going to 与 will 的区别

小口诀：打算计划 be going to，临时预测用 will；is/are 跟随主语变，will 永远不变形。

例3：选词填空（用 be going to 或 will）

1. Look at the black clouds! It ______ rain. （答案：is going to，因为有迹象，预测马上要下）
2. — The box is too heavy. — I ______ help you. （答案：will，临时主动帮忙）
3. We ______ have a picnic this Sunday. We have already prepared the food. （答案：are going to，已经准备好，有计划）

五、时间标志词的位置

时间标志词（tomorrow、next week 等）一般放在句首或句尾：

• Tomorrow we are going to have a sports meeting. 明天我们要开运动会。
• We are going to have a sports meeting tomorrow. 我们明天要开运动会。

两种位置都正确，但要注意：放在句首时，后面要加逗号。

六、常见错误提醒

1. be going to 后面加错形式：going to 后只能加动词原形。❌ She is going to swims. ✅ She is going to swim.
2. will 后加三单：will 后面不需要动词加 s。❌ He will goes home. ✅ He will go home.
3. be 动词与主语不一致：I 配 am，he/she/it 配 is，we/you/they 配 are。❌ She are going to read. ✅ She is going to read.
4. 忘掉 be 动词：be going to 结构里 be 动词不能省。❌ I going to play. ✅ I am going to play.
5. won't 写错：will not 的缩写是 won't，不是 willn't。
6. 把 tomorrow 等标志词漏掉：写一般将来时的句子，最好带上时间标志词，让时态更明确。

七、趣味小练习

用所给单词的正确形式填空：

1. I ______（go）to the library tomorrow.
2. She ______（visit）her aunt next week.
3. They ______（have）a party this Saturday.
4. — __ you _（come）to my birthday party? — Yes, I ___.
5. Look at the clouds. It ______（rain）soon.
6. We __（not watch）TV tonight. We ____（do）our homework.

把下面的句子翻译成英文：

1. 我明天要去动物园。
2. 他下个月将去北京。
3. 明天会下雪吗？

八、课后作业

基础题：

1. 用 be going to 完成句子：我打算明天早上六点起床。I __ _ ___ at six tomorrow morning.
2. 用 will 完成句子：她明天将十岁。She __ ____ ten tomorrow.
3. 改否定句：We are going to play chess.（改为否定句）

提高题：

1. 改一般疑问句并作肯定、否定回答：Mike will go fishing this weekend.
2. 按要求写句子：They are going to watch TV.（对划线部分 watch TV 提问）
3. 选择填空：— What __ you going to do? — I ____ going to draw pictures. A. are, am B. is, is C. am, are

挑战题：

1. 用英语写一段话（至少5句），介绍你下周末的计划，用上 be going to 或 will。
2. 判断并改正：He is going to plays basketball tomorrow.（找出错误并改正）

九、参考答案

1. I am going to get up at six tomorrow morning.
2. She will be ten tomorrow.
3. We are not going to play chess.
4. Will Mike go fishing this weekend? Yes, he will. / No, he won't.
5. What are they going to do?
6. A。
7. 例：Next weekend I am going to visit my grandparents. I am going to help them clean the house. We are going to have a big dinner together. On Sunday I will do my homework in the morning. In the afternoon I am going to play basketball with my friends.
8. 错误：plays 应为 play。He is going to play basketball tomorrow.

十、综合口语练习

和你的同桌做一个小对话（Dialogue）：

• A: What are you going to do this weekend?
• B: I am going to visit the science museum. What about you?
• A: I will stay at home and read books.
• B: Are you going to watch a film tonight?
• A: No, I am not. I am going to finish my homework first.

把这段对话读熟、演出来，一般将来时就牢牢掌握啦！Remember: practice makes perfect!