六年级英语：一般现在时第三人称单数——动词变化与爱好表达

#六年级 #英语 #第三人称单数 #一般现在时 #爱好
📅 2026-09-28

六年级英语：一般现在时第三人称单数——He/She 后面的动词与爱好表达

一、本课知识点

六年级上册 Unit 4 I have a pen pal 反复出现 He likes... She lives... 这就是一般现在时的第三人称单数。考试里它是失分最多的一处，因为中文里「他喜欢」和「我喜欢」动词一样，英语里却不一样。

  1. 什么是第三人称单数 主语是「他/她/它」以及「一个人、一个东西、一个名字」时，就是第三人称单数（简称三单）。 三单主语：he, she, it, my father, Lily, the cat, this boy, Tom and his brother（注意：两个人＝复数，不是三单）。

  2. 动词加 -s / -es 的规则 （1）一般情况直接加 s：like→likes, read→reads, play→plays, run→runs。 （2）以 s、x、ch、sh、o 结尾加 es：watch→watches, teach→teaches, go→goes, do→does, wash→washes, guess→guesses。 （3）辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 es：study→studies, fly→flies, carry→carries, （元音+y 直接加 s：play→plays, stay→stays）。 （4）特殊：have→has。 （5）读音提醒：s 在清辅音后读/s/（likes），在浊辅音和元音后读/z/（plays），在 s、x、ch、sh 后读/ɪz/（watches）。

  3. 否定句与疑问句（does 帮忙，动词回原形） 肯定：He likes reading stories. 否定：He doesn't like reading stories.（doesn't + 动词原形） 一般疑问：Does he like reading stories? — Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. 特殊疑问：What does he like? / Where does she live? 口诀：does 一出现，后面的动词立刻「还原」，不能变成 does likes。

  4. 爱好表达的常用词与句型 Unit 4 高频爱好：reading stories 读故事、singing 唱歌、dancing 跳舞、doing kung fu 练功夫、playing football 踢足球、riding a bike 骑自行车、diving 潜水、drawing pictures 画画、listening to music 听音乐、collecting stamps 集邮。 句型： —What are your hobbies? —I like reading stories. —What are his/her hobbies? —He/She likes dancing and singing. 注意 like 后面接动名词（-ing）：like swimming，不写 like swim。 问「他住在哪里」：Where does he live? —He lives in Guiyang. 「他是哪国人」：Where is he from? —He is from the USA.

  5. 常在句中出现的三单标志 主语是具体人名，或有 every day / every morning / usually / often / sometimes / always 等词，句子的谓语就要考虑三单。

二、句型操练与例题

例题1 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. My pen pal _ (live) in Australia.（lives） 2. He _ (have) a new bike.（has，特殊变化） 3. She _ (study) Chinese every day.（studies） 4. My mother _ (watch) TV after dinner.（watches） 5. Amy and I __ (play) football on Sundays.（play，主语是复数）

例题2 按要求改写句子。 1. He likes doing kung fu.（改为否定句） He doesn't like doing kung fu. 2. She goes to school by bus.（改为一般疑问句） Does she go to school by bus? 3. Lily teaches English.（对画线部分 English 提问） What does Lily teach?

例题3 选择填空。 1. —What _ your father do? —He is a doctor. A. do B. does C. is （答案：B，问职业） 2. My sister _ singing and dancing. A. like B. likes C. liking （答案：B） 3. __ he live in the city? —No, he doesn't. A. Do B. Does C. Is （答案：B）

例题4 情景交际补全。 A: I have a new pen pal. He is from Canada. B: Cool! ____ （提示：他有什么爱好？） 参考答案：What are his hobbies? / What does he like? A: He likes playing basketball and reading stories. B: ______ （提示：他住在哪里？） 参考答案：Where does he live?

三、易错点提醒

  1. 忘加 s。He like music. 应为 He likes music.
  2. 加了 doesn't 还留 s。He doesn't likes music. 应为 doesn't like。
  3. 疑问句用 do。Do he live here? 应为 Does he live here?
  4. 回答不匹配。—Does he like it? 要用 Yes, he does. 不要答 Yes, he is. / Yes, he likes.
  5. 第三人称里 have 写成 haves。正确是 has。
  6. study 直接加 s 变成 studys，应为 studies。
  7. like 后面接动词原形。like watch TV 应为 like watching TV。
  8. 把 Tom and Mike 当三单。两个人是复数，用 like / do。

四、分层练习

基础题 1. 写出下列动词的三单形式：go, watch, study, have, fly, do, play, wash。 2. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空： （1）My brother _ (do) his homework at seven. （2）She _ (not like) milk. （3）_ your friend _ (live) in Kunming? 3. 连词成句：hobbies, what, his, are (?)

提高题 4. 改错（每句一处）： （1）He often go swimming on Sundays. （2）Does she likes dancing? （3）My father have a black car. 5. 按要求完成句子：She reads English every morning.（改为否定句、一般疑问句并作否定回答） 6. 用所给词的正确形式完成短文： I have a pen pal. His name is Peter. He _ (be) from the UK. He _ (live) in London. He _ (have) a little dog. He _ (like) playing football and _ (draw) pictures. On Sundays he often _ (go) to the park with his dog.

拓展题 小练笔（不少于6句） 7. 介绍你的笔友：写出他/她的国籍、居住地、外貌或性格、两三个爱好，再用一句写你们常一起做什么。 参考范文： My pen pal is Jack. He is from Australia. He lives in Sydney. He is a tall boy with short hair. He likes playing basketball and reading stories. He likes Chinese food, too. Sometimes he helps me with my English and I help him with his Chinese. We often write emails on Sundays. I hope I can see him one day.

五、小结

三单的复习只背三条：主语是「他她它或一个人名」时动词要变形，规则是加 s / es、辅音加 y 变 ies、have 变 has；否定和疑问用 doesn't / does，does 后面动词一定回到原形；表达爱好用 like + 动词-ing。做题的顺序是：先看主语是不是三单，再看句子里有没有 doesn't / does，最后检查动词形式有没有前后一致。每天朗读 Unit 4 的对话三遍，把「他喜欢什么、他住在哪里」这两句问句练到顺口，这部分就稳了。