小学六年级英语：一般将来时精讲
🎯 Learning Goals
| Goal | Description |
|---|---|
| Knowledge | Understand the meaning and usage of Simple Future Tense |
| Skill | Learn to form sentences with "will" and "be going to" |
| Application | Talk about future plans, predictions, and arrangements |
一、什么是"一般将来时"？
一般将来时用来表示将要发生的动作或未来的状态。
汉语中用"将"、"会"、"打算"、"计划"等词来表达将来时。
例句： "我明天要去公园。" → I will go to the park tomorrow.
一般将来时的两种主要结构
| 结构 | 用法 | 语气 |
|---|---|---|
| will + 动词原形 | 表示"将要" | 较正式，常用于客观描述 |
| be going to + 动词原形 | 表示"打算/计划"或"预兆" | 较口语化，表达计划和迹象 |
二、will 的用法
2.1 基本结构
| 句型 | 结构 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定句 | 主语 + will + 动词原形 | I will go to Beijing next week. |
| 否定句 | 主语 + will not (won't) + 动词原形 | She will not (won't) come tomorrow. |
| 一般疑问句 | Will + 主语 + 动词原形? | Will you help me? |
| 特殊疑问句 | 疑问词 + will + 主语 + 动词原形? | What will you do this weekend? |
2.2 缩写形式
| 完整形式 | 缩写形式 |
|---|---|
| I will | I'll |
| you will | you'll |
| he/she/it will | he'll/she'll/it'll |
| we will | we'll |
| they will | they'll |
| will not | won't |
2.3 will 的典型用法
用法一：表示未来的预测（没有依据的猜测）
- I think it will rain tomorrow. （我想明天会下雨。）
- Maybe she will be a doctor in the future. （也许她将来会当医生。）
- I'm sure you will pass the exam. （我相信你会通过考试的。）
用法二：表示临时决定（说话时刚做的决定）
- A: The phone is ringing! （电话响了！）
B: I will answer it. （我去接。）
A: It's too hot in here. （这里太热了。）
- B: I will open the window. （我来开窗。）
用法三：表示承诺或意愿
- I will help you with your homework. （我会帮你做作业。）
- I will never forget this day. （我永远不会忘记这一天。）
三、be going to 的用法
3.1 基本结构
| 句型 | 结构 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定句 | 主语 + am/is/are going to + 动词原形 | She is going to visit her grandma. |
| 否定句 | 主语 + am/is/are + not + going to + 动词原形 | We are not going to stay at home. |
| 一般疑问句 | Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形? | Are you going to play football? |
| 特殊疑问句 | 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形? | What are you going to do? |
注意： be动词随主语变化： - I am - He/She/It is - You/We/They are
3.2 be going to 的典型用法
用法一：表示计划或打算（事先已经安排好的）
- I am going to learn swimming this summer. （这个夏天我打算学游泳。）
- They are going to have a picnic this Saturday. （这周六他们打算去野餐。）
- We are going to visit the science museum. （我们计划去参观科技馆。）
用法二：表示有迹象的预测（根据现有证据推测）
- Look at those dark clouds! It is going to rain. （看那些乌云！要下雨了。）
- The boy is so tired. He is going to fall asleep. （那男孩太累了，他快要睡着了。）
- Oh no! The glass is going to fall! （哦不！玻璃杯要掉了！）
四、will vs. be going to 对比
4.1 表格对比
| 对比项 | will | be going to |
|---|---|---|
| 用法 | 预测、临时决定、承诺 | 计划、打算、有迹象的预测 |
| 计划性 | ✗ 没计划，临时想到 | ✓ 事先有计划 |
| 依据 | 主观猜测 | 客观迹象 |
| 口语化 | 较正式 | 较口语化 |
| 时间状语 | tomorrow, next week, in the future | 相同 |
4.2 对比例句
| 场景 | will | be going to |
|---|---|---|
| 回家路上 | A: "The hamburger shop!" B: "I'll buy one!"（临时决定） | A: "I'm going to buy one after school."（事先计划） |
| 关于天气 | I think it will be sunny tomorrow.（主观猜测） | Look at the sky! It's going to be sunny.（观察到迹象） |
| 邀请朋友 | A: "Will you join us?" B: "I'll think about it."（尚未决定） | I'm going to join the basketball club.（已经决定好了） |
五、常用的将来时时间状语
| 时间词 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| tomorrow | 明天 | I will go to the zoo tomorrow. |
| next week | 下周 | We are going to have a test next week. |
| next month | 下个月 | They will move to a new house next month. |
| next year | 明年 | She will be 12 years old next year. |
| in the future | 将来 | I want to be a scientist in the future. |
| soon | 很快 | The bus will come soon. |
| this weekend | 这个周末 | What are you going to do this weekend? |
| this evening | 今晚 | I will do my homework this evening. |
| tonight | 今晚 | We are going to watch TV tonight. |
| later | 稍后 | I will call you later. |
六、Fun Practice 趣味练习
🎮 Game 1: Fill in the Blanks
用 will 或 be going to 的适当形式填空。
-
A: Why are you holding a paintbrush? B: I ___ (paint) the fence.
-
A: I don't have money with me. B: Don't worry. I ___ (lend) you some.
-
Look at the clouds! It ___ (snow).
-
I promise I ___ (not be) late again.
-
They ___ (visit) the Great Wall next summer vacation. They have already booked the tickets.
🎮 Game 2: Rewrite the Sentences
将下列句子改为一般将来时。
-
I go to school by bus. (tomorrow) → ________
-
She reads a book. (this evening) → ________
-
They play basketball. (next Saturday) → ________
-
We have dinner at 6:00. (tonight) → ________
🎮 Game 3: Read and Choose
选择正确的答案。
-
There __ a football match next Sunday. A. will have B. will be C. is going to have
-
I __ my grandma this weekend. A. am going to visit B. will visits C. going to visit
-
— I'm going to Beijing next week. — __! A. Have a good time B. Thank you C. That's all right
-
— I'm very hungry. — I __ get you something to eat. A. am going to B. will C. go to
-
_ you _ to the park with me tomorrow? A. Are; going B. Do; go C. Will; going
七、Homework 课后作业
📝 基础作业
- 用 will 或 won't 完成句子。
- It's cold outside. I _____ wear my coat.
- Don't worry. I _____ forget your birthday.
-
She is very kind. I think everyone _____ like her.
-
用 be going to 造句。
- 我打算明天去看望爷爷。
- 他们打算这个周末去郊游。
- 天黑了，要下雨了。
📝 提高作业
- 用一般将来时写一段话（不少于5句话），题目：My Plan for Next Weekend
写作提示： - Where are you going? (去哪里) - Who are you going with? (和谁去) - What are you going to do? (做什么) - How will you get there? (怎么去) - How do you feel? (心情如何)
📝 拓展作业
- 小小调查员： 采访3位家人或朋友，问问他们下周末的计划是什么，用英语记录下来。
| Who | Plan | Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Mom | go shopping | Mom is going to go shopping next weekend. |
| _____ | _____ | _____ |
| _____ | _____ | _____ |
| _____ | _____ | _____ |
📌 Key Summary 核心总结
``` ┌──────────────────────────────────────┐ │ 一般将来时 Simple Future │ ├──────────────────────────────────────┤ │ │ │ will + 动词原形 │ │ ├─ 主观预测（I think...） │ │ ├─ 临时决定（I'll answer it.） │ │ └─ 承诺保证（I'll help.） │ │ │ │ be going to + 动词原形 │ │ ├─ 计划打算（事先安排好的） │ │ └─ 迹象预测（有证据的推测） │ │ │ │ 标志词：tomorrow, next..., soon, │ │ in the future, tonight │ └──────────────────────────────────────┘