小学六年级英语:一般现在时与现在进行时对比学习
Two Important Tenses — 两大重要时态对比学
时态(Tense)是英语中表达时间的方式。今天我们要学习的是两个最基础、最重要的时态——一般现在时和现在进行时。掌握了它们,你就能正确表达日常生活中的大部分事情啦!
一、一般现在时 (Simple Present Tense)
1. 什么时候用?
| 使用场景 | 说明 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 经常性的动作 | 每天/每周/经常做的事 | I get up at 7 o'clock every day. |
| 客观事实/真理 | 永远正确的道理 | The sun rises in the east. |
| 兴趣爱好 | 喜欢做什么 | She likes reading books. |
| 状态描述 | 现在的状态 | He is a student. |
2. 结构公式
| 句子类型 | 公式 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| ✅ 肯定句 | 主语 + 动词原形/三单 + 其他 | She reads books every day. |
| ❌ 否定句 | 主语 + don't/doesn't + 动词原形 + 其他 | She doesn't read books. |
| ❓ 一般疑问句 | Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? | Does she read books? |
3. 动词第三人称单数变化规则
| 规则 | 变化 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般情况 | + s | read → reads, play → plays |
| 以 s, x, sh, ch, o 结尾 | + es | go → goes, watch → watches |
| 辅音字母 + y 结尾 | y → i + es | study → studies, fly → flies |
| 特殊变化 | 不规则 | have → has, do → does |
4. 常见时间标志词
always(总是), usually(通常), often(经常), sometimes(有时), never(从不), every day/week(每天/周)
二、现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense)
1. 什么时候用?
| 使用场景 | 说明 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 正在发生的动作 | 此刻正在做 | I am reading a book now. |
| 现阶段正在做 | 这段时间在做的事 | He is learning to swim these days. |
| 计划好的将来 | 已安排的近期计划 | We are going to Beijing tomorrow. |
2. 结构公式
| 句子类型 | 公式 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| ✅ 肯定句 | 主语 + am/is/are + V-ing + 其他 | She is singing a song. |
| ❌ 否定句 | 主语 + am/is/are + not + V-ing + 其他 | She isn't singing now. |
| ❓ 一般疑问句 | Am/Is/Are + 主语 + V-ing + 其他? | Is she singing now? |
3. V-ing 变化规则
| 规则 | 变化 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般情况 | + ing | read → reading, play → playing |
| 不发音 e 结尾 | 去 e + ing | write → writing, make → making |
| 重读闭音节结尾 | 双写末尾字母 + ing | run → running, swim → swimming |
4. 常见时间标志词
now(现在), right now(立刻), at the moment(此刻), these days(这些天), look!(看!), listen!(听!)
三、两大时态对比
对比一览表
| 对比维度 | 一般现在时 | 现在进行时 |
|---|---|---|
| ⏰ 时间 | 经常、习惯、事实 | 正在、现阶段 |
| 🏗️ 结构 | 主语 + V/V-s | 主语 + be + V-ing |
| 🔄 动词变化 | 三单加 s/es | 加 ing |
| ❌ 否定 | don't/doesn't + V原 | be + not + V-ing |
| ❓ 疑问 | Do/Does + 主语 + V原? | Be + 主语 + V-ing? |
| 📌 标志词 | always, usually, every day | now, at the moment, listen! |
记忆口诀
🎵 一般现在时口诀: 一般现在时,习惯和事实, 动词用原形,三单加 s 或 es。 否定 don't/doesn't 来帮忙, 疑问 Do/Does 放句首!
🎵 现在进行时口诀: 现在进行时,正在做的事, be 动词 am/is/are, 后面 V-ing 不能少, 别忘 ing 变形规则!
四、实战对比
情景对比
| 情景 | 一般现在时 | 现在进行时 |
|---|---|---|
| 读书 | I read books every evening. (习惯) | I am reading a storybook now. (正在读) |
| 画画 | She draws very well. (能力) | She is drawing a cat. (正在画) |
| 跑步 | They run in the park on Sundays. (经常) | Look! They are running now! (此刻) |
易混点提醒
- ❌ 常见错误:He is like apples.(✗)→ He likes apples.(✓)
- like 是状态动词,一般不用进行时态
- ❌ 常见错误:He is read a book now.(✗)→ He is reading a book now.(✓)
- 进行时 be + V-ing,不能少了 ing
- ✅ 小技巧:看到 now, listen, look → 用现在进行时;看到 every day, usually, always → 用一般现在时
五、趣味练习
练习1:判断时态
判断下列句子使用哪种时态,并说明原因。
- The earth goes around the sun.
- My mother is cooking dinner in the kitchen.
- Tom usually walks to school.
- Listen! The birds are singing outside.
点击查看答案
1. **一般现在时** — 客观真理(地球绕太阳转) 2. **现在进行时** — 正在发生(妈妈正在做饭) 3. **一般现在时** — 习惯性动作(通常走路上学) 4. **现在进行时** — 听到的正在发生的声音(Listen! 是标志词)练习2:选词填空
用所给动词的正确形式填空。
- She __ (go) to school by bus every day.
- Look! The boys __ (play) football on the playground.
- He __ (not/like) eating vegetables.
- We __ (have) an English class right now.
- My father __ (read) newspapers every morning.
点击查看答案
1. **goes** — every day 是一般现在时,she 是第三人称单数 2. **are playing** — Look! 是现在进行时标志,boys 是复数 3. **doesn't like** — 一般现在时否定,he 是第三人称单数 4. **are having** — right now 是现在进行时,we 用 are 5. **reads** — every morning 是一般现在时,father 是第三人称单数练习3:改写句子
将下列一般现在时句子改写成现在进行时(加上合适的时间状语)。
- He reads a book. → (now)
- They play basketball. → (at the moment)
- She sings a song. → (Listen!)
点击查看答案
1. He **is reading** a book **now**. 2. They **are playing** basketball **at the moment**. 3. **Listen!** She **is singing** a song.六、课后作业
基础题:变换句子
-
将下列句子改成否定句和一般疑问句: a. She goes to school by bike. b. They are playing games now.
-
写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式和 V-ing 形式: a. study → _ / b. run → / _ c. have → / d. make → _ / ___
提高题:看图写句子
根据提示,用两种时态各写一个句子。
-
提示:小明(Xiao Ming) a. 一般现在时:他每天早上6点起床 b. 现在进行时:他现在正在刷牙
-
提示:同学们(The students) a. 一般现在时:他们通常在图书馆看书 b. 现在进行时:听!他们正在教室里唱歌
挑战题:短文写作
- 用一般现在时和现在进行时,写一段 40-50 词的短文描述你的周末。 提示:
- 一般现在时:描述你周末通常做什么(习惯)
- 现在进行时:描述此刻(假设)你在做什么
- 参考词汇:usually, often, now, at the moment, read, play, help, watch
📖 学习建议:每天用这两个时态各造 3 个句子,坚持一周就能完全掌握!可以把两个时态贴在墙上对比记忆。
参考答案(基础题): 1a. 否定:She doesn't go to school by bike. 疑问:Does she go to school by bike? 1b. 否定:They aren't playing games now. 疑问:Are they playing games now? 2a. studies / studying 2b. runs / running 2c. has / having 2d. makes / making