初一英语：一般现在时——Be动词与实义动词

📅 2026-05-25

初一英语：一般现在时——Be动词与实义动词

一、知识点讲解

什么是一般现在时？

一般现在时（Simple Present Tense）表示经常发生的动作、客观事实或现在的状态。它是英语中最基础、最重要的时态。

Be动词的三兄弟

主语类型 be动词 例句
I（我） am I am a student.
He / She / It（第三人称单数） is She is a teacher.
You / We / They（复数） are They are happy.

Be动词的三种句式

句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + be + 其他 He is tall.
否定句 主语 + be + not + 其他 He is not (isn't) tall.
一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 其他？ Is he tall?

缩略形式： is not=isn't，are not=aren't，am not=I'm not

实义动词的变化规则

动词结尾 变化规则 示例
一般情况 加 -s like→likes, play→plays
s/x/sh/ch/o结尾 加 -es go→goes, watch→watches
辅音+y结尾 变y为i加-es study→studies, fly→flies
have 特殊 have→has

实义动词的否定与疑问

句式 非三单 三单
肯定句 I like apples. She likes apples.
否定句 I don't like apples. She doesn't like apples.
一般疑问句 Do you like apples? Does she like apples?
答句 Yes, I do. / No, I don't. Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.

重要： 使用does/don't/doesn't后，动词必须恢复原形！ - ❌ She doesn't likes apples. - ✅ She doesn't like apples.

二、示例与例题

示例一：描述日常

I get up at 6:30 every day. My mother cooks breakfast. I go to school by bus. Tom lives near the school, so he walks to school.

分析： get up/cook/go 主语I用原形；lives/walks 主语Tom三单加-s

示例二：客观事实

The sun rises in the east. Water boils at 100°C.

永恒不变的真理必须用一般现在时。

例题一：be动词填空

  1. I _____ a student.
  2. My parents _____ at home.
  3. The cat _____ very cute.
  4. _____ you ready?
  5. We _____ not late.
点击查看答案 1. am（主语I）2. are（parents复数）3. is（cat单数）4. Are（you用are）5. are（we复数）

例题二：动词正确形式

  1. Tom _____ (go) to school by bike.
  2. They _____ (play) football on Sundays.
  3. She _____ (study) English every day.
  4. I _____ (watch) TV in the evening.
  5. He _____ (have) a bicycle.
点击查看答案 1. goes 2. play 3. studies 4. watch 5. has

三、趣味练习

改错小侦探

  1. She go to school at 8 o'clock.
  2. He don't like swimming.
  3. Does they play basketball?
  4. My father have a car.
  5. The books is on the desk.
点击查看纠正 1. go→goes 2. don't→doesn't 3. Does→Do 4. have→has 5. is→are

日常对话翻译

  1. 你每天早上几点起床？
  2. 我妈妈在中学教英语。
  3. Tom不打篮球，但他踢足球。
点击查看答案 1. What time do you get up every morning? 2. My mother teaches English in a middle school. 3. Tom doesn't play basketball, but he plays football.

四、课后作业

基础题 ⭐

  1. 用be动词适当形式填空：Ifrom China. Shea doctor. Wefriends. he your brother?

  2. 选择正确形式： He (like/likes) books. They (doesn't/don't) live in Beijing. (Do/Does) your sister speak English?

提高题 ⭐⭐

  1. 改否定句和一般疑问句： Tom plays basketball after school. My parents work in a hospital. She has breakfast at 7.

  2. 写5个句子描述周末生活，用be动词2句、实义动词2句、否定句1句。

挑战题 ⭐⭐⭐

  1. 短文改错（6处错误）：

Tom am a student. He get up at 6:30. His mother cook breakfast. Tom go to school by bike. He don't live far. They studies hard and enjoys school.

五、常见时间状语

时间状语 含义 例句
every day/morning 每天/每天早上 I read English every morning.
always 总是 She always gets up early.
usually 通常 We usually have lunch at 12.
often 经常 He often plays football.
sometimes 有时 They sometimes go to the park.
never 从不 I never eat junk food.
on Sundays 每周日 My father works on weekdays.

频率副词的位置： 实义动词前，be动词后。 ✅ He often plays. ✅ She is always happy. ❌ She always is happy.

六、主谓一致

and连接主语

Tom and Jerry are friends.（复数） Bread and butter is my breakfast.（视为整体）

everyone/someone/no one

Everyone likes ice cream.（视为单数） Someone is waiting for you.（单数）

either...or / neither...nor（就近原则）

Either you or he is wrong.（就近he） Neither he nor his friends are coming.（就近friends）

There be句型（就近原则）

There is a book and two pens.（就近a book） There are two pens and a book.（就近two pens）

例题

  1. Everyone in the class _____ (like/likes) the new teacher.
  2. Either my mother or my father _____ (is/are) at home.
  3. There _____ (is/are) some milk in the glass.
答案 1. likes 2. is（就近father）3. is（milk不可数）

七、中英文对比

中文句 英文句
我每天喝牛奶。 I drink milk every day.
她每天喝牛奶。 She drinks milk every day.
我爸爸不抽烟。 My father doesn't smoke.
你经常去图书馆吗？ Do you often go to the library?

易混淆三组

  • I like reading.（一般现在时，习惯）

  • I am reading now.（现在进行时，正在做）

  • She works in a hospital.（常态）

  • She is working this month.（临时安排）

  • The train leaves at 8 PM.（时刻表）

  • The train is leaving.（即将出发）

八、阅读理解

My Daily Life

I am Lucy, a 12-year-old girl. I live in Beijing. Every morning I get up at 6:30. My mother makes breakfast. I have an egg and milk. Then I go to school at 7:20. School starts at 8:00.

I have six classes daily. My favorite subject is English. After school I do my homework first. Then I play the piano. I don't watch TV on school nights.

On weekends I don't get up early. I help my mother. We go to the park on Sunday. I enjoy my life!

Questions: 1. How old is Lucy? 2. What time does she get up? 3. What's her favorite subject? 4. Does she watch TV on school nights?

Answers 1. She's 12. 2. At 6:30. 3. English. 4. No, she doesn't.

九、写作指南

自我介绍框架

段落 内容 参考句型
开头 姓名、年龄 My name is ___. I am ___ years old.
家庭 家庭情况 There are ___ people in my family.
学校 学科爱好 My favorite subject is ___.
习惯 日常 I often . I never .
结尾 爱好 I like . I enjoy .

范文

Hello! I am Zhang Wei, a 13-year-old middle school student. I live in Beijing with my parents. My father is a doctor. My mother is a teacher. I go to Sunshine Middle School. I have seven classes every day. English is my favorite subject. I usually get up at 6:00. I never go to school late. After school I play basketball. I enjoy my school life!

十、综合测试

选择题（每题1分）

  1. My brother _____ a new bicycle. A. have B. has C. having
  2. _____ your parents like TV? A. Does B. Do C. Is
  3. Mike _____ in a big city. A. live B. lives C. don't live
  4. I _____ like swimming. A. don't B. doesn't C. am not
  5. Everyone _____ hard. A. study B. studies C. don't study
  6. There _____ some water. A. is B. are C. am
  7. She _____ breakfast at 7. A. have B. has C. having
  8. _____ he go by bus? A. Do B. Does C. Is
  9. My sister and I _____ friends. A. am B. is C. are
  10. The earth _____ around the sun. A. go B. goes C. going
答案 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.B

句型转换

  1. Tom likes football.（否定句）
  2. They go by bus.（一般疑问句）
  3. My father is a teacher.（对划线提问）
  4. She does her homework.（一般疑问句）
答案 1. Tom doesn't like football. 2. Do they go by bus? 3. What is your father? 4. Does she do her homework?（注意does→do）