六年级英语：一般将来时——Going to 结构
📚 知识点讲解
在英语中，当我们想表达"打算做某事"或"计划做某事"时，最常用的句型就是 be going to 结构。它比 will 更加口语化，表达的是经过思考后的计划和意图。
一、be going to 的基本结构
主语 + be动词(am/is/are) + going to + 动词原形 + 其他
| 主语 | be动词 | going to | 动词原形 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | am | going to | visit | I am going to visit my grandma. |
| He/She/It | is | going to | play | She is going to play the piano. |
| We/You/They | are | going to | have | We are going to have a party. |
二、三种句子形式
1. 肯定句
结构： 主语 + be + going to + 动词原形 + 其他
示例： - I am going to do my homework tonight. - He is going to buy a new bike. - They are going to travel to Beijing next summer.
2. 否定句
结构： 主语 + be + not + going to + 动词原形 + 其他
示例： - I am not going to watch TV tonight. - She is not (isn't) going to eat junk food. - We are not (aren't) going to stay at home.
3. 一般疑问句
结构： Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他?
示例： - Are you going to play football after school? - Yes, I am. / No, I am not. - Is your father going to pick you up? - Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
三、常见时间标志词
be going to 常与表示将来时间的词语连用：
| 时间词 | 中文 | 用法 |
|---|---|---|
| tomorrow | 明天 | I'm going to swim tomorrow. |
| next week | 下周 | We're going to have a test next week. |
| next month | 下个月 | My family is going to move next month. |
| next year | 明年 | I'm going to study in middle school next year. |
| this evening | 今晚 | He's going to read books this evening. |
| this weekend | 这周末 | They're going to go camping this weekend. |
| tonight | 今晚 | She's going to call me tonight. |
四、be going to 与 will 的区别
| 对比项 | be going to | will |
|---|---|---|
| 计划性 | 表示事先计划好的事情 | 表示临时决定的事情 |
| 确定性 | 有较充分的依据和准备 | 表示预测或意愿 |
| 示例1 | I'm going to study in the US.（计划好了） | I'll help you with that.（临时提出） |
| 示例2 | Look at the clouds! It's going to rain.（有迹象） | I think it will rain tomorrow.（猜测） |
五、重点句型总结
| 句型 | 例句 | 翻译 |
|---|---|---|
| What are you going to do? | What are you going to do this weekend? | 这周末你打算做什么？ |
| Where is he going to go? | Where is he going to go this summer? | 他今年夏天打算去哪里？ |
| When are they going to leave? | When are they going to leave for Shanghai? | 他们打算什么时候去上海？ |
💡 趣味练习
Click to expand / 点击展开练习
### Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks 用 am/is/are 填空： 1. I ______ going to visit my aunt. 2. They ______ going to play basketball. 3. He ______ going to read a comic book. 4. We ______ going to have a picnic. 5. My mother ______ going to cook dinner. ### Exercise 2: Make sentences 将下列单词连成 be going to 句子： 1. I / buy / a new schoolbag 2. she / not / eat / candy 3. they / play / football / tomorrow 4. you / visit / your grandparents / this weekend? 5. Tom / learn / Chinese / next year ### Exercise 3: Translate into English 1. 我打算今晚做作业。 2. 他打算明天去游泳。 3. 我们打算下周去野餐。 4. 她打算这周末看一部电影。 5. 你打算什么时候去北京？📝 课后作业
基础题（★★☆☆☆）
- 写出下列句子的否定句和一般疑问句：
- (a) Mike is going to play the guitar.
- (b) They are going to visit the museum.
- 用 be going to 改写下列句子：
- (a) I plan to learn swimming. → I __ _ ___ learn swimming.
- (b) She plans to buy a gift. → She __ _ ___ buy a gift.
提高题（★★★☆☆）
- 根据提示，用 be going to 写出完整句子：
- (a) Tom / this weekend / play basketball with friends
- (b) My family / next summer / go to Hainan
- (c) The teacher / tomorrow / give us a test
- 判断正误，错误的改正：
- (a) She is going to playing the piano. ( )
- (b) Are you going to visit London? ( )
拓展题（★★★★☆）
- 用 be going to 写一段话（不少于5句话），介绍你下周末的计划安排。
- 用 be going to 编一个小对话（不少于6句话），谈论你们的暑假计划。
- 区别练习：完成下列句子，注意 be going to 和 will 的区别：
- (a) A: Oh no, I forgot to buy a gift! B: Don't worry, I ______ (buy) one for you.
- (b) A: Why are you buying paints? B: I ______ (paint) my room this weekend.
Remember: Practice makes perfect! Keep going! 💪
六、be going to 句型的特殊用法和注意事项
1. 与地点副词连用时省略 "to go"
当 be going to 后面跟上地点副词时，通常省略后面的 "go"。
规则： be going to + 地点副词（不用再加动词 go）
地点副词包括： here（这里）、there（那里）、home（家）、abroad（国外）、upstairs（楼上）、downtown（市中心）
示例： - ✅ I'm going home.（我打算回家。） - ❌ I'm going to go home.（虽然有这种说法，但口语中不自然） - ✅ She is going there tomorrow.（她打算明天去那里。） - ✅ We are going abroad this summer.（我们今年夏天打算出国。）
2. be going to 用于天气预报
在天气预报中，be going to 常用于描述有迹象的天气变化。
示例： - Look at those dark clouds! It's going to rain. - The wind is picking up. It's going to be stormy tonight. - The weather forecast says it's going to be sunny tomorrow. - It's getting colder. I think it's going to snow.
3. 与时间状语的位置关系
时间状语通常放在句末，也可以放在句首起强调作用。
比较： - I'm going to visit my grandparents next weekend. - Next weekend, I'm going to visit my grandparents.（更强调时间）
4. 用"What"提问时
示例： - What are you going to do this summer vacation? - What is she going to buy for her mother's birthday? - What time are you going to leave? - When is the train going to arrive?
七、情景对话：be going to 实战演练
Dialogue 1: Weekend Plans
Tom: Hi, Lucy! What are you going to do this weekend? Lucy: I'm going to visit my grandparents. They live in the countryside. Tom: That sounds great! How are you going to get there? Lucy: My dad is going to drive us there on Saturday morning. Tom: What are you going to do there? Lucy: I'm going to help my grandpa water the flowers, and I'm going to play with my grandma's cute little dog! Tom: Are you going to stay overnight? Lucy: Yes, I am. We're going to come back on Sunday evening. What about you, Tom? Tom: I'm going to stay at home and finish my homework first. Then I'm going to play basketball with my friends.
Dialogue 2: Summer Vacation Plans
Amy: Summer vacation is coming! Do you have any plans, Mike? Mike: Yes! My family is going to travel to Beijing. We're going to visit the Great Wall and the Forbidden City. Amy: Wow! How long are you going to stay there? Mike: We're going to stay for a week. What about you, Amy? What are you going to do? Amy: I'm going to take swimming lessons this summer. I want to learn how to swim like a fish! Mike: That's cool! When are your classes going to start? Amy: They're going to start in July. I'm really excited about it! Mike: I hope you have a wonderful summer! Amy: Thank you! You too!
九、语法对比表格
be going to vs. 现在进行时（表示计划）
| 对比项 | be going to | 现在进行时（表将来） |
|---|---|---|
| 用法 | 表示意图或计划 | 表示已经安排好的事情 |
| 确定性 | 较确定，但可能有变 | 非常确定，已经安排好 |
| 时间状语 | 常与将来时间连用 | 常与具体时间连用 |
| 示例 | I'm going to visit Beijing. | I'm flying to Beijing next Monday. |
| 说明 | 有计划的打算 | 机票已经买好了 |
be going to vs. 现在进行时（正在进行）
| 句子 | 含义 | 解释 |
|---|---|---|
| He is going to swim. | 他打算去游泳。 | be going to 表示将来计划 |
| He is swimming now. | 他正在游泳。 | 现在进行时表示正在发生的事 |
| He swims every day. | 他每天都游泳。 | 一般现在时表示习惯 |
十、扩展阅读与写作练习
Reading Passage
My Summer Plan
Summer vacation is coming! I am going to have a wonderful summer.
First, I am going to finish all my homework in the first two weeks. Then, I am going to visit my grandparents with my parents. They live in the countryside. I am going to help my grandpa feed the chickens and pick vegetables in the garden.
Next, I am going to join a summer camp. We are going to learn how to swim and how to cook simple food. I am going to make new friends there.
Finally, in the last week of August, my family is going to go to the beach. We are going to build sandcastles, collect seashells, and eat seafood. I am really looking forward to it!
I think I'm going to have a great summer vacation!
Questions about the passage:
- What is the writer going to do first during the summer vacation?
- Where are the grandparents living?
- What is the writer going to learn at the summer camp?
- When is the family going to the beach?
- Write down three things the writer is going to do at the beach.
十一、常见错误集锦
| 错误类型 | 英文错误 | 正确写法 | 中文说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| be动词缺失 | She going to study. | She is going to study. | 忘记加be动词 |
| 动词形式错误 | He is going to played. | He is going to play. | 后面跟动词原形 |
| be动词与主语不匹配 | We is going to go. | We are going to go. | be动词要与主语一致 |
| 疑问句语序错误 | What you are going to do? | What are you going to do? | be动词提到主语前 |
| 否定句位置错误 | I don't going to go. | I am not going to go. | don't/doesn't 不能用在这里 |
| 与will混淆 | I'm going to help you.（临时） | I'll help you. | 临时决定用will |
| 多余动词 | She's going to to school. | She's going to school. | 地点副词后不用再加动词 |