初一英语：There be 句型——"有"的多种表达
一、知识点讲解
什么是 There be 句型？
There be 句型表示"某处有某物/某人"，是英语中最基础的句型之一。
结构：There be + 名词 + 地点/时间状语 中文对应："……有……"
There be 与 Have 的区别
| 句型 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| There be | 表示"存在"，某处有某物 | There is a book on the desk.（桌子上有本书。） |
| have/has | 表示"拥有"，某人拥有某物 | I have a book.（我有一本书。） |
There be 句型的变化
1. 肯定句
| 主语类型 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 单数/不可数 | There is + 单数名词 | There is a cat under the table. |
| 复数 | There are + 复数名词 | There are two apples on the plate. |
就近原则：当有多个并列主语时，be动词与最近的名词保持一致。 - There is a pen and three books. (pen是单数，用is) - There are three books and a pen. (books是复数，用are)
2. 否定句
在 be 动词后加 not（可缩写为 isn't / aren't）：
- There isn't any water in the glass.
- There aren't any students in the classroom.
3. 一般疑问句
把 be 动词提到句首：
- Is there a library near here? → Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.
- Are there any apples? → Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.
| 句型 | 结构 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定句 | There is/are + 名词 + 地点 | There are some birds in the tree. |
| 否定句 | There is/are + not + 名词 + 地点 | There aren't any birds in the tree. |
| 疑问句 | Is/Are + there + 名词 + 地点? | Are there any birds in the tree? |
常用数量词搭配
| 修饰单数/不可数 | 修饰复数 |
|---|---|
| a / an | some / any |
| some / any | many / a lot of |
| a lot of | a few / several |
二、典型例题
例题1：选择正确的be动词
There ___ (is / are) a pencil and two erasers on the desk.
分析：根据就近原则，最近的名词是"a pencil"（单数），所以用 is。 答案：is
例题2：改写否定句和疑问句
There is some milk in the fridge.
否定句：There isn't any milk in the fridge. 疑问句：Is there any milk in the fridge?
例题3：中考链接
— Excuse me, ___ there any banks near here? — Yes, ___ ___. There is one on Green Street.
答案：Are, there, is 解析：banks是复数，用are提问；回答用is（指代one bank）。
三、趣味练习
📝 点击展开趣味练习
### 练习1：找错误 找出句子中错误的地方： 1. There are a book on the desk. 2. There is two cats under the chair. 3. There isn't some water in the cup. **答案**： 1. are → is（与a book保持一致） 2. is → are（与two cats保持一致） 3. some → any（否定句用any） ### 练习2：看图说话 根据以下提示，用There be句型描述图片： - 一棵大树下，有一只狗、两只猫、三只小鸟 - **答案**：Under the big tree, there is a dog, two cats and three birds. ### 练习3：句子接龙 第一个人用There be开头说一句话，下一个人改成否定句，第三个人改成疑问句： - A: There is a supermarket near my home. - B: There isn't a supermarket near my home. - C: Is there a supermarket near your home?四、课后作业
🌟 基础题（必做）
- 用is或are填空：
- (1) There ___ a book on the desk.
- (2) There ___ some water in the bottle.
- (3) There ___ many students in the classroom.
-
(4) There ___ an apple and some oranges in the basket.
-
改写句子：
- (1) There are some birds in the tree.（改为否定句）
- (2) There is a park near my school.（改为一般疑问句）
🌟🌟 提高题（选做）
-
根据提示完成对话： A: Excuse me, ___ (be) there any restaurants near here? B: Yes, ___ ___. There ___ (be) one on Center Street.
-
汉译英：
- (1) 我家附近有一家医院。
- (2) 教室里有多少名学生？
- (3) 冰箱里没有牛奶了。
🌟🌟🌟 挑战题（拓展）
- 写作：用There be句型写一段话（50词以上），描述你的房间/教室。至少使用3个There be句子，并包含肯定句、否定句各一个。
参考答案
基础题： 1. (1) is (2) is (3) are (4) is 2. (1) There aren't any birds in the tree. (2) Is there a park near your school?
提高题： 3. are, there, is, is 4. (1) There is a hospital near my home. (2) How many students are there in the classroom? (3) There isn't any milk in the fridge.
挑战题：略（开放性答案）
五、There be 句型的时态变化
There be 句型可以在不同时态中使用：
| 时态 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般过去时 | There was / were | There was a big tree here last year. |
| 一般将来时 | There will be | There will be a concert tomorrow. |
| 现在完成时 | There has/have been | There have been many changes. |
| 情态动词 | There can/must/may be | There must be someone in the room. |
六、易错点对比
易错点1：Some vs Any
| 句型 | 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定句 | some | There are some apples. |
| 否定句 | any | There aren't any apples. |
| 疑问句 | any | Are there any apples? |
易错点2：就近原则
✗ There are a pen and two books. ✓ There is a pen and two books.（pen是单数，离be最近）
易错点3：不可数名词用is
✓ There is some water in the glass. ✓ There is a lot of bread on the table.
易错点4：avoir与être的混淆
中文的"有"在英语中可能翻译为 There be 或 have/has： - There be 表示存在（某地有某物）：There is a library in our school. - have/has 表示拥有（某人有某物）：I have a book.
七、情境会话
📝 点击展开情境对话
### 问路 > A: Excuse me, **is there** a hospital near here? > B: Yes, **there is**. Go straight and turn left. > A: **Are there** any supermarkets near here? > B: No, **there aren't**. ### 描述房间 > A: What's your room like? > B: **There is** a bed, a desk and a chair. > A: **Are there** any books on your desk? > B: Yes, **there are**. **There are** many storybooks.八、实战中考
(2023·北京) There ___ a sports meeting in our school next week. A. is going to have B. is going to be C. will have D. has 解析：next week表将来，"将有"用There will be或There is going to be。答案：B
(2022·上海) ___ there any milk in the fridge? A. Is B. Are C. Has D. Have 解析：milk不可数，用is。答案：A
九、核心框架总结
| 知识点 | 核心内容 |
|---|---|
| 肯定句 | There is/are + 名词 + 地点 |
| 否定句 | There isn't/aren't + 名词 + 地点 |
| 疑问句 | Is/Are there + 名词 + 地点? |
| 就近原则 | be动词与最近的名词保持一致 |
| some/any | 肯定句用some，否定/疑问用any |
| 总考点 | 不可数名词、时态变化、数量搭配 |
课后作业参考答案
基础题
- (1) is (2) is (3) are (4) is（就近原则）
- (1) There aren't any birds in the tree. (2) Is there a park near your school?
提高题
- are, there is, is
- (1) There is a hospital near my home. (2) How many students are there in the classroom? (3) There isn't any milk in the fridge.